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An demanding lifestyle change program helped people with type 2 diabetes lose weight and keep it off, a new study shows. The program also led to improved control of blood glucose levels and concentrated risk factors for cardiovascular disease, both of which are critical in preventing long-term complications caused by diabetes.
The study integrated 5,145 overweight or obese people, average age 58.7, with type 2 diabetes. About half were assigned to a lifestyle intervention that included diet changes and physical activity designed to achieve a 7 percent weight loss in the first year and maintain it in following years.
The other participants were assigned to a diabetes education and support group that held three sessions a year to discuss diet, exercise and social support.
After four years, the participants in the lifestyle interference group had lost an average of 6.2 percent of their body weight, compared with 0.9 percent for the diabetes support group. The lifestyle interference group also had greater improvements in fitness, blood glucose control, blood pressure and levels of "good" HDL cholesterol.
"Even though the differences between the two groups were greatest initially and decreased over time for several measures, the differences between the two groups averaged across the four years were substantial. The results indicate that the intensive lifestyle intervention group spent a considerable time at lower cardiovascular disease risk," the researchers wrote.